| ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ 55 ᠺᠢᠯᠣᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ 1616 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦ᠋ᠮᠡ | ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ 13 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠥᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠱᠣᠢ | ᠲᠥᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠣᠩᠨᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦ᠋ᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵1812 ᠣᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦ᠋ᠮᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵1930 ᠣᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦ᠋ᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ | ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦ᠋ᠮᠡ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠩᠨᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ 1947 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᡂᠢ ᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠣᠩᠨᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ 1984 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦ᠋ᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ 19 ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ᠂ 118 ᠠᠶᠢᠯ᠂ 164 ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠩ᠂ 6665 ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ᠂ 28018 ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ | 19887 ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ 4947 ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ 2744 ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠣᠩ᠂ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ 502 | ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ︽T︾ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦ᠋ᠮᠡ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ 1985 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ 1020 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 18 - 20 | ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ | ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ 450 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 14 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ 20 ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ 400 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠃ 1985 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦ᠋ᠮᠡ | ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠤᠪᠠᠭ 1500 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1983 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ 2 | ᠺᠢᠯᠣᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ 1 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ 102 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ | 10 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ 1979 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ 250 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1985 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ 2.9 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠡ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ | ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ 11.2 ᠮᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ 380 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ᠂ 120 ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠴᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠂ 2᠂ 5᠂ | 8 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ 90 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯ 337 | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ 10᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ 300 ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦ᠋ᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠩᠲᠦ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠹᠦ᠋ | ᠶᠢᠩᠽᠢ᠂ ᠭᠦ᠋ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠽᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | | | |