| ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯ | | ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 8000 ᠠᠴᠠ 7500 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠠᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠩ ᠯᠥᠩ ᠸᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠨᠢ 183 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠪᠠᠩ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠰᠤᠪᠠᠭ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ 12 ᠮᠥᠷ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠮᠥᠷ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ 10 ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ 130 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠩᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠠᠴᠠ 6500—6300 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ᠂ ᠠᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠣ ᠪᠣᠣ ᠭᠧᠦ ᠳᠤ 140 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 6000—5000 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠢᠴᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ᠂ | 5300 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ᠂ 5000 ᠠᠴᠠ 4500 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠤᠬᠠᠨ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠾᠧ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠾᠧ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 4200 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ | ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 2500 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ᠂ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ᠂ ᠯᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠢᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ᠂ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ 43 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ 3.3 ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ 10 | ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ 20᠂ 40᠂ 100 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᡂᠢ | ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠩᠽᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠂ 600 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ | ᠳᠥᠭᠦᠮ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠬᠤ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ᠂ ᠦᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠶᠡᠨᠪᠧᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠢᠰᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ︾ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠱᠦᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠤᠯᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠧᠧᠬᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ | ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ᠂ ᠯᠢᠨᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠲᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ | ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ | ᠃ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ | ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵1724 ᠣᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠪᠧᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠤᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ᠂ | ᠨᠢᠩᠴᠧᠩ᠂ ᠣᠩᠨᠢᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠲᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠥᠩ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ 7 ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠤᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠣᠩᠨᠢᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠥᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ | ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ︽ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠤᠷᠠᠴᠤᠳ︾ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ 200 - 300 ᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ | ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ᠂ ᠾᠧᠪᠧᠢ᠂ ᠱᠠᠨᠳᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠳ᠂ | ᠤᠷᠠᠴᠤᠳ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠨ ︵1782 ᠣᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ 22378 ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ 45 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ︵ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ︶ 112604 ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵1825 ᠣᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ 41500 ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ︾ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ | ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ | ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵1908 ᠣᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠢᠨᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠲᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ 48 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ 11043 ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ︵ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ 243 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ 2.2% ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ 8039 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ 72.79% ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ 2129 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ 19.28% ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃1949 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ 608 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ 5. | 5% ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ᠂ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ 212 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 6 ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 144 ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 50 ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠪᠥᠬᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 12 ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠤ ᠨᠥᠮᠥᠷᠢ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠤᠭ ᠢ | ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂᠂ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠥᠭᠦᠮ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ | ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ | ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠫᠦᠰᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠣᠴᠤᠤᠯ | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠴᠤᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ | ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠪᠤ ᠳᠣᠪᠣᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠰᠢᠶᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠴᠤ᠂ | ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1958 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠷᠰᠢᠶᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ︽ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ | ᠴᠡᠭᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1980 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ | ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠴᠥᠮ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ᠂ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ | ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | |